14篇 ubuntu related articles

ubuntu: Read-only file system

文件系统挂了,变成只读模式。supervisor无法启动,就连ping 域名时无法解析dns,想要修改/etc/resolve.conf,只读也写不进去。
试下往临时目录写也是这:

touch /tmp/aaa.txt
touch: cannot touch '/tmp/aaa.txt': Read-only file system
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使用iptables进行端口转发

使用iptables进行端口转发,如下,需要访问原主机的27017端口,但是没开放,只开放了5000-6000之间的端口,因此 需要映射 一个5027端口去访问27017 这个mongodb。

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING  -p tcp --dport 5027 -j DNAT --to-destination :27017

列表:

iptables -t nat --list

删除
PREROUTING 后跟的index 索引从1开始

iptables -t nat --delete PREROUTING 2
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给树莓派的ubuntu20.04系统装mongodb 4.4

Debian64位系统暂时还没有mongodb4.4的deb,编译安装也没试成功。
Ubuntu20.04 64位可以用这些命令装上。

wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.4.asc | sudo apt-key add -
 
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu focal/mongodb-org/4.4 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-4.4.list
 
sudo apt-get update
 
sudo apt-get install mongodb-org

装完可以启动mongod服务

systemctl start mongod
systemctl enable mongod

服务启动可能会异常,可以看下 systemctl status mongod

如报出/var/run ... 可以修改对应的服务声明 如 /lib/systemd/system/mongod.service
去掉/var

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Ubuntu 防火墙 UFW 操作指北

Ubuntu上默认安装了一个防火墙服务 ufw, 全称为 Uncomplicated Firewall。默认是禁用的。

想用GUI可以看下Gufw。

基本用法

启用ufw: sudo ufw enable

To check the status of UFW:

查看 ufw状态: sudo ufw status verbose
也可以用 sudo ufw show raw 查看详情
也可以在 ** /etc/ufw**目录下查看 .rules的规则文件

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禁用ubuntu ssh连接后的欢迎信息

本文的目的是在Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa Linux上禁用动态motd和新闻。
20200723004336.png

  • 在本教程中,您将学习:
  • 如何修改登录新闻
  • 如何修改动态消息
  • 如何在系统范围内使motd动态消息屏蔽
  • 如何使每个用户的motd动态消息屏蔽
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Ubuntu中使用Netplan命令来管理网络

netplan从/etc/netplan/ 目录读取配置文件,这个目录下有多个不同的文件,可能会有这样的文件

  • 01-netcfg.yaml
  • 50-cloud-init.yaml
  • config.yaml

但不一定都有,我们可以修改来更改网络配置,如果在这个目录下你没找到文件可以通过这个命令sudo netplan generate来创建一个配置文件。

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树莓派ubuntu20.04 国内源

用的阿里的:

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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crontab定时脚本执行时间与系统时间不一致

事情源于在树莓派上写的定时脚本,定时获取停车费用信息。ubuntu重装后时区都用tzselect设置了,但仍在半夜收到消息通知。
于是发现需要这样设置下。

执行这个设置成中国时区 timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

查看本地时间 timedatectl status

还有最重要的,要重启下crontab的服务. systemctl restart cron
有些系统中crontab服务为 crond。

更多关于timedatectl的帮助可以查看这个:

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pam_unix(sudo:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory

问题来源于raspberry pi4 安装了打印服务,但是cups服务有点异常报,/etc/securetty找不到。
查了下应该是ubuntu 20.04的bug.

root@ubuntu:~# systemctl status cups
● cups.service - CUPS Scheduler
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/cups.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-07-01 00:58:26 CST; 12min ago
TriggeredBy: ● cups.path
             ● cups.socket
       Docs: man:cupsd(8)
   Main PID: 8324 (cupsd)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 4434)
     CGroup: /system.slice/cups.service
             ├─8324 /usr/sbin/cupsd -l
             └─9318 /usr/lib/cups/notifier/dbus dbus://

Jul 01 01:08:15 ubuntu cupsd[8324]: pam_unix(cups:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory
Jul 01 01:08:15 ubuntu cupsd[8324]: pam_unix(cups:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory
Jul 01 01:08:22 ubuntu cupsd[8324]: pam_unix(cups:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory
Jul 01 01:08:22 ubuntu cupsd[8324]: pam_unix(cups:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory
Jul 01 01:08:27 ubuntu cupsd[8324]: pam_unix(cups:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory
Jul 01 01:08:27 ubuntu cupsd[8324]: pam_unix(cups:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory
Jul 01 01:08:29 ubuntu cupsd[8324]: pam_unix(cups:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory
Jul 01 01:08:29 ubuntu cupsd[8324]: pam_unix(cups:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory
Jul 01 01:08:39 ubuntu cupsd[8324]: pam_unix(cups:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory
Jul 01 01:08:39 ubuntu cupsd[8324]: pam_unix(cups:auth): Couldn't open /etc/securetty: No such file or directory

解决的办法就是新建这个文件/etc/securetty,内容为

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