Most common short names for Kubernetes resources which was used in command kubectl get:

po or pod: Pods
deploy or deployment: Deployments
svc or service: Services
cm or configmap: ConfigMaps
secret: Secrets
pv or persistentvolume: Persistent Volumes
pvc or persistentvolumeclaim: Persistent Volume Claims
sts or statefulset: StatefulSets
job: Jobs
cronjob: CronJobs

Some concepts

Pods: A pod is the smallest and simplest unit in the Kubernetes object model. It represents a single instance of a running process in your cluster.

Deployments: A deployment is a higher-level object that manages one or more replicas of a pod. It provides declarative updates for Pods and ReplicaSets.

Services: A service is an abstraction that defines a logical set of Pods and a policy by which to access them. Services enable communication between different parts of your application, both inside and outside of your cluster.

ConfigMaps: A ConfigMap is a Kubernetes resource that provides a way to inject configuration data into a container. This can include environment variables, configuration files, and command-line arguments.

Secrets: A secret is similar to a ConfigMap, but is designed to store sensitive information such as passwords, API keys, and other secrets.

Persistent Volumes: A persistent volume is a piece of storage in the cluster that can be used by a pod. It provides a way to store data that needs to survive pod restarts.

StatefulSets: A StatefulSet is a higher-level object that manages stateful applications. It provides guarantees about the ordering and uniqueness of pods, and enables stateful applications to be scaled and rolled out in a controlled manner.

Jobs and CronJobs: Jobs and CronJobs are resources that enable you to run batch jobs and scheduled tasks in your cluster.